It is now apparent that the US’s policy towards violence in the Middle East has been created on a boardgame version of the world and is played out by the administration on a Big Board of the situation room. The Bush administration believes that for a sustainable peace to exist between Israel and its neighbors, terrorist organizations like Hezbollah and Hamas, even if they operate legitimate civil and political support infrastructures, must be destroyed. The cessation of terrorist activities will undoubtedly promote peace in the Middle East, but the Bush administration’s position seems to be built on two faulty premises.
First, the conflict against terrorists and terrorist organization does not take place in a static system. It is not the case that Israel must kill x Hezbollah members and doing so will eliminate the problem. Support and association with a terrorist organization is not static. The actions Israel (or the US) take against Muslim states is influences the number of people supporting these groups, thus the way in which campaigns against Hezbollah or other terror groups are perpetrated has real-world impact on the support for these groups.
By refusing to call for an immediate cease-fire, even in the face of the Qana bombing, Ms. Rice was teetering on the edge of a public relations disaster, particularly in the Arab world. All day on Sunday, scenes of dead children being pulled out of the wreckage at Qana dominated the airwaves.
But American officials continued to say that, despite the civilian death toll, an immediate cease-fire would do little good unless underlying issues were first addressed, including the ultimate disarmament of Hezbollah.
While bombing continues to kill more Lebanese civilians than Hezbollah guerillas, support for Hezbollah in the Muslim world grows. This plays into the second faulty premise. Hezbollah cannot be fought in a vacuum and thus how the fight is handled has a far greater impact on the the end result of eliminating Hezbollah than the death of any number of Hezbollah fighters. The battle between Israel and Hezbollah is not played out on a Risk board game or the digital screen of a war room. Ever blip on the map representative of a tank or rocket launcher is surrounded by civilians, civil infrastructure, and places that simply cannot be justified as targets of Israeli bombing. It is simply not possible for Israel to conduct wide-scale bombings of Lebanese cities and not inflict major damage against non-Hezbollah targets. That is why the strategy of trying to bomb Hezbollah out of existence cannot work and will, more than likely serve to bolster their ranks and turn the world against Israel.
Looking at the geopolitical problems standing between today’s conflicts between militant Muslim groups and Israeli and American interests, it must be clear that a solution cannot come by moving pieces against one another on a Big Board. Popular militant groups gain support with every civilian casualty and the Risk board game mentality of waging war against them is to address a complicated problem with a simplistic solution and thus fail to solve that problem.
Alexander Cockburn, writes about the perils of this simplistic mentality in The Nation (subscription link):
With Bush and Rice and the policy-makers and intellectual courtiers surrounding them, crackpot realism is the prevailing mode. “Crackpot realism” was the concept defined by the great Texan sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1958 (the year Dwight Eisenhower sent the Marines into Lebanon to bolster local US factotum President Camille Chamoun), when he published The Causes of World War Three: “In crackpot realism, a high-flying moral rhetoric is joined with an opportunist crawling among a great scatter of unfocused fears and demands. The expectation of war solves many problems of the crackpot realists…instead of the unknown fear, the anxiety without end, some men of the higher circles prefer the simplification of known catastrophe…. They know of no solutions to the paradoxes of the Middle East and Europe, the Far East and Africa except the landing of Marines…. they prefer the bright, clear problems of war–as they used to be. For they still believe that ‘winning’ means something, although they never tell us what.”
In the current situation, both Bush and Olmert have defined winning as the complete destruction of Hezbollah. The crackpot side of this notion is that the realities of bombing play out in greater detail than those who order them care to think about. Looking at the problem as part of a zero-sum game only allows the rhetorical slippage by the likes of John Podhertz were openly advocating the mass murder of Muslims is acceptable. That is, the simplified and naive view by the Bush administration that the world can be made safer by bombing an elusive enemy’s surroundings into dust can effectively bring peace on the small scale (Hezbollah in southern Lebanon) is naturally extended by war hawks to include any and all Hezbollah sympathizers.
The biggest problem that underlies Israel’s strategy and America’s continued support for it is that it forgets that it warring parties are not allowed to kill civilians. Period. It’s not acceptable and though it may happen accidentally at times, widespread targeting is criminally wrong. Supporting policies that seem to ignore the existence of civilians on the field of conflict will only grow resentment for America and Israel in the Middle East, thus promoting terror groups and undermining the very hope for peace that this bloodshed is erroneously based on.
Technorati Tags: Condoleeza Rice, Hezbollah, Israel, Lebanon, crackpot realism














July 31st, 2006 at 9:55 am
“The biggest problem that underlies Israel’s strategy… is that it forgets that warring parties are not allowed to kill civilians. Period. It’s not acceptable and though it may happen accidentally at times, widespread targeting is criminally wrong.”
What about Hezbollah? Israel has been under threat of suicide bombing and missle attacks against its civilian population all of my life (as a time marker). Terrorist groups rarely attack military outposts only, and in this case, Israel’s civilian population has been under attack and killed by Hezbollah.
No Hezbollah cannot be fought in a vacuum, but the also don’t settle in little army camps, they fight from populated areas. As Israel holds off on airstrikes and increases it’s ground force, there should be fewer Lebanese civilian casualties. There will likely be no drop off in strikes against Israeli civilians during this time (unless Hezbollah goes along with the cease-fire, which they’ve said they wouldn’t.
Your entry condemns the US and Israel for killing civilians as they try to fight guerillas who fight from populated locations. I am amazed that you don’t even mention the fact that Hezbollah targets civilians everyday, even when they have an army out in the open to fight.
There is no argument supporting the side that Israel should back off because it can do more tamage. It is a tenet of war and foreign policy that a country will do what it can to protect its population. It is simply the case here that Israel is stronger. Lebanese and Israel citizens are of equal value, but it is thefault of the Lebanese government that its citizens are not better protected from Israel, or from militia groups inside, who don’t seem to actually care about Lebanese lives either, like Hezbollah.
I agree that the deaths of civilians will likely bring support for terrorist organizations; but, it seems there is no real other option for Israel but to do its best to break Hezbollah (damage it enough that time to recover would be quite long - as is its plan).
July 31st, 2006 at 1:35 pm
I’m not clear on why a discussion of the failures of American and Israeli policy requires a discussion of Hezbollah tactics. I’ve condemned Hezbollah’s attacks many times on this blog, but this was not a post about tactics, but policy. As I’ve said before, I believe both Hezbollah’s attacks on civilian populations and Israel’s attacks on civilian populations to be war crimes and I condemn both equally.
How does Israel’s bombing of Beirut’s international airport or Lebanese military posts protect the Israeli civilian population? Israel’s fight is with Hezbollah - no Israeli has said their fight is with the Lebanese government. You’re taking a position that I have not seen espoused by any Israeli official, namely that the Israeli attacks are targeting the Lebanese government itself for a lack of control over Hezbollah.
I agree that Israel needs to break Hezbollah, but it is a systemic misreading of the situation to believe that Hezbollah will be broken, destroyed or eliminated by aerial bombardments of Lebanese cities and villages.
July 31st, 2006 at 2:06 pm
The Cockburn article is available here:
http://www.counterpunch.org/cockburn07312006.html
July 31st, 2006 at 2:51 pm
I agree that the bombing killing of Lebanese civilians will not lead to the breakdown of Hezbollah. It does continue to lead to a lot of anger toward Israel (and the US).
I apologize taking this response to a level of tactics. But, while this is for the US merely a situation of policy, for Israel, it is a tactical argument, as they are actually engaged in battle. It is not policy for the Israels to bomb the airport or other cities, but a tactic of war. And, to discuss the tactics or policies of one side of a fight requires the discussion and examination of the opposition, in order to determine what are reasonable options. Specifically, that
it is because Hezbollah is not fighting as a standard army from strictly military outposts that cities become targets.
As for the Lebanese airport, or any other bridge or road, it is military practice to cut off supply chains of your enemies. As for the bombing of the Lebanese military posts - I can’t understand that, and don’t know why it would happen unless they were fighting against Israels, with Hezbollah, or even just supplying Hezbollah with weapons.
Certainly it can be argued that America should not be supporting the continued airstrikes of Lebanese cities, and though we are an ally of Israel, we need not support it in everything it does. However, Israel will listen to it’s internal politics and support more than external. I don’t know what citizens of Israel say in regards to bombing Lebanese cities, but I am quite certain, that if troops entered the ground to fight Hezbollah in those cities, without aerial support, it is highly likely that there would be a level of Israeli casualities that the Israelis would not accept.
I don’t believe that the Israelis are targeting the Lebanese government. I never made that point, I said that it is the response of the Lebanese government to protect its citizens. If you look through the pictures on NYTimes http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2006/07/21/magazine/20060723_SHELTER_SLIDESHOW_index.html of the Lebanese and Israeli shelters, you’ll see that Israel actually has legitimate bomb shelters built for their communities saftey, Lebanon, does not. Furthermore, Lebanon has not protected itself from internal militias, allowing Hezbollah to become stronger than its own army. The Lebanese government is not being targeted, but it is at fault for much of the problems that it is now facing.
July 31st, 2006 at 6:27 pm
I see no reason to assume that the attacks on Lebanese military posts came because the Lebanese military was fighting alongside Hezbollah against Israel. The Lebanese government has repeatedly called for a cease-fire and I challenge you to find one report of the Lebanese military engaging Israel in combat.
That is a counterfactual Binger. Israeli troops are not in Lebanese cities. They are only conducting long-range shelling and aerial assaults on them and they are not done in support of ground operations. If Israeli troops were on the ground in Beirut, the bombing of Beirut would be a very different discussion. I hope that if there were IDF troops in Beirut, they would be able to target their air support and artillery better and with greater purpose. But again, that’s not the situation and it’s disingenuous to talk about it in those terms now.
Lebanon is a fledgling democracy. It has only pulled itself out of the rubble of civil war in the last five years or so. It had made remarkable progress from a governmental, infrastructural, and economic standpoint. The massive bombardment that Israel has subjected Lebanon to is likely to undo all of the recent progress. It is likely to strengthen Hezbollah and prolong a weak economy where avenues of hope and progress are limited. I think it is absurd to blame Lebanon’s democratic government for not being up to the same security standards as Israel.
The end result of Israel’s continued bombardment of Lebanon is that it will topple their democratic government. Hezbollah’s attacks pose no threat to the sanctity of Israel’s government. It looks like the disproportionate response that Israel continues to use against the Lebanese government and civilian population will only serve to undermine a democratic bright spot and create a space for terror groups to step into. This is exactly why the crackpot notion of obliterating Hezbollah without thought of civilian collateral damage is so dangerous and destined to failure.
August 1st, 2006 at 10:04 am
You make excellent points. Thank you for correcting me on points of the Beirut - as for the Lebanese military outpost you mentioned, I was only throwing out a possibility, as it very well could be, even though the government spoke towards a cease-fire. There have been occassions in military history, where (especially in younger governments) there was not full and complete control over each outpost. As for Lebanon being a fledgling democracy, I still believe that coming out of a war, it would have made sense for them to build shelters, to be prepared, as even though they are young, they were re-building in a notoriously unstable region.
And no, Hezbollah’s attacks won’t topple the Israeli government - And I don’t believe Israel’s attacks will topple the Lebanese government, though it could lead to the election of more Hezbollah politicians. I think that the Lebanese will have seen the ability of the Palestinians to elect whomever they want, and though there could be a change in leadership, I don’t believe that the Lebanese people will revolt against their government and cause an immediate overthrow.
The problem I still have, is the idea (which has been very popular in the mida and blogosphere) is this idea of proportionality in attacks. Does it suggest that it would be OK for Israel to fire rockets into populated areas if they only did so at the same rate as Hezbollah? Or is Israel given the more difficult task of seeking out individual Hezbollah pockets in populated areas and just striking them?
I’m sure that they considered that there would be civilian damages when they decided to go after Hezbollah. And perhaps they didn’t count on there being so many. However, Israel is in a situation that cannot be simply ended with a cease-fire. Perhaps they are in over their heads, I don’t know; but, while Israel must do everything it can to stop the loss of Lebanese life, it at this point cannot stop against Hezbollah.
If Israel doesn’t break Hezbollah in some meaningful way, it loses. While the deaths of civilians will likely raise the popularity of terrorist groups in the region, and against Israel, so would a loss to Hezbollah. Each terrorist group would see that there is a way to defeat the Israeli army and would likely begin unrelenting attacks on Israel. Israel is in region surrounded by many groups that do not believe the state has a right to exist, and who act on that belief. Loss of civilian life grows the popularity of terrorist and anti-Israel or anti-US groups, but so does a loss. In either direction, the only outcome from which Israel could benefit is a win, where at least one organization would be put down for a while, and others may not be encouraged by its actions. The loss of Lebanese life is certainly not acceptible, and perhaps the entire operation was destined to failure from the very start; but while we can sit here and say that what’s being done is atrocious (which it is), and we can urge our government (and they should listen) not to support these actions without protection of civilian life (which they claimed they are doing by getting this 48 hour cease-fire for the Lebanese civilians to run north, but that’s ridiculous), we don’t have the right to say what is appropriate for Israel to do - that is for its government and citizens to determine.
August 1st, 2006 at 10:24 am
The bottom line for me in regards to proportionality is this: Democracies like Israel, the US, the UK, France, etc etc are supposed to be better than the terrorists. When terrorists strike at governments by killing innocent civilians, governments need to strike back at the terrorists themselves and not the citizens surrounding them. Is that fair? Is that the same metric as the terrorists action are judged by? No, of course not.
Lowering the expectations of democratic governments to the level of terrorist behavior is wrongheaded. Of course terrorists get judged by a different standard than governments - no pundit, myself included, would ever say that they expect more of Hezbollah than they do Israel. That’s what being a legitimate government is about - the world expects you to act in a responsible and measured way. I expect terrorists to behave like terrorists and I expect governments to try to promote peace and use their military power in the least intrusive or unethical way ie not commit war crimes by bombinb civilian populations with little noticable discrimination for terrorist targets.
Having more power tends to mean a nation has less opportunity to use it without negative consequences. Jonathan Schell’s article “Too Late for Empire” details this phenomena vis a vis America’s rise as a superpower. That may be an uncomfortable notion for supporters of Israel to stomach, but I see it as the reality here.
August 1st, 2006 at 2:54 pm
Thank you for clarifying the notion of “disproportion” that has been thrown about in the discussion by others. I hadn’t heard it spelled out that it was only disporportionate because of the nature of those involved in the conflict, and the responsibilities of each in their roles. I understand and agree that a democracy should be held to higher standards - in the protection of life - than a terrorist organization. And that as a responsible world actor, the democracy has a responsiblity not only to its own citizens but those of other countries, be them allies or enemies.
The concept that you decribe in the last paragraph makes sense; that any use of Israel’s power would not be without negative consequences mixed in. The problem with this, is the idea of impotency that it creates for any democracy and responsible world actor. Organizations know from this, that if they can disperse themselves amongst civilian populations, there can be no retaliation without negative consequences. And as this is something that terrorist organizations do, it yields the question of what is a responsible action for the responsible democracy.
We cannot expect more of Hezbollah than Israel, because Hezbollah is not a responsible democracy; However, members of Hezbollah are involved and included in the Lebanese government, and as such are a part of a responsible democracy. It seems to me that the reason we can’t truly expect more of Hezbollah is that it is their goal to destroy the Israeli state. Their goal is not peace or cooperation on a world stage, but simply the death of Israel through violence. So, we don’t hold them accountable, because they are only doing what they set out to do. Israel could be a responsible world actor and promote peace, but this would have no effect on the actions of Hezbollah or any other group. They would still call for the destruction of Israel, and would use violence to encourage this end. It is unfortunate, but the only real avenue for Israel seems to be violence. And certainly the death of civilians is condemnable, and they ought to be more cautious in using the power they have; but I can accept that Israel needs fight this fight, and cannot simply back down and call for peace.
Israel shouldn’t be bombing civilians. And it seems no military strategist has yet proposed how to win a war against terrorists or insurgents without the deaths of non-combantants.
August 13th, 2006 at 1:01 pm
Just because our “crackpot” administration has it all wrong, that does not by extention mean that Israel has it all wrong. Israel is fighting for its survival: it may not be fighting smart or fair, but only the self-deluding “new left” theoreticians can deny the truth of that matter. The stated purpose of Hezbollah and Hamas is the very destruction of the State of Israel. That has long been a popular position on the Arab street. It has long been the goal of many in the leadership of the Arab world, dating back NOT to 1967, but to 1917. Long before the PARTITION of 1948 which created a 2 STATE SOLUTION (Israel as the Jewish state, and Jordan as the Arab state), there were those in the Arab world determined to destroy the existence of a Jewish state. That is what created the Palestinian issue: it was not the Jewish state failing to accept the Arabs from that region, but the Arabs refusing to absorb their own people (as Israel did for the Jews who chose to relocate to Israel from the “Arab” side of the partition).
Killing of innocents is always an abomination. The terrorists in Washington who immorally and illegally invaded Iraq are no better than those who sent so-called “martyrs” into the twin towers and the Pentagon. Israel’s bombardment of “civilian targets” in Lebanon is abhorent. But there IS a moral difference between Israeli excesses and miscalculations in their struggle against those out to push the Israelis into the sea, and the purposeful slaughter of civilians that is on Page 1 of the terrorist playbook of Hamas and Hezbollah. There is way too much evil in this world. And the fundamentalist extremists of Hamas, Hezbollah, Al Quaeda, Wahabism, Bush Republicanism, Unitary Executism, Stateless Corporatism and “Christian Conservatism” all represent different aspects of that evil. The “Arab Street” does not hate us for “our freedom”, it hates us for our evil and stupidity. But the stupidity of the “Arab street” hates Isreal for its very existence. And in its natural desperation to survive the seemingly endless attacks on its existence, Israeli excesses creates even more hatred.
The cycle goes on and on, with no path to end it in sight……….and in the age of nuclear arms, the only end to the cycle may be the end of us all.
August 15th, 2006 at 3:37 pm
Funny, I know exactly the board game which the crackpot administration in question has been playing.